Zogulitsa

Heparin, mchere wa sodium ndi polima wa heparin womwe umatulutsa mphamvu yake yayikulu ya anticoagulant mwa kuyambitsa antithrombin.Kutsegulaku kumayambitsa kusintha kosinthika mu ATIII ndipo kumalola kusinthasintha kochulukira mumayendedwe ake okhazikika.Heparin ndi glycosaminoglycan yokhala ndi sulfated kwambiri yomwe imadziwika kuti imateteza magazi kuundana.Heparin, Sodium Salt ndi activator ya RyR ndi ATIII.

Thupi ndi mankhwala katundu: Heparin sodium ndi woyera kapena pafupifupi ufa ufa, fungo, hygroscopic, sungunuka m'madzi, osasungunuka mu zosungunulira organic monga Mowa ndi acetone.Imakhala ndi chiwopsezo champhamvu choyipa mu njira yamadzimadzi ndipo imatha kuphatikiza ndi ma cations kuti ipange ma molekyulu.Madzi amadzimadzi amakhala okhazikika pa pH 7.

Anticoagulant: Sodium ya heparin ndi anticoagulant, mucopolysaccharide, mchere wa sodium wa glucosamine sulfate wotengedwa mucosa m'matumbo a nkhumba, ng'ombe ndi nkhosa, ndipo amatulutsidwa ndi maselo amtundu wa thupi la munthu.Ndipo mwachibadwa alipo m'magazi.Heparin sodium imakhala ndi ntchito zoletsa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti ndi kuwononga, kuletsa kutembenuka kwa fibrinogen kukhala fibrin monomer, kuletsa mapangidwe a thromboplastin ndikukana kupanga thromboplastin, kuteteza kutembenuka kwa prothrombin kukhala thrombin ndi antithrombin.Heparin sodium imatha kuchedwetsa kapena kuletsa kutsika kwa magazi mu vitro komanso mu vivo.Njira yake yochitira zinthu ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo imakhudza maulalo ambiri munjira ya coagulation.Ntchito zake ndi: ① kuletsa mapangidwe ndi ntchito ya thromboplastin, potero kuteteza prothrombin kukhala thrombin;②kuchulukirachulukira, kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoletsa thrombin ndi zinthu zina coagulation, kuteteza fibrinogen kukhala fibrin Protein;③ imatha kuteteza kuphatikizika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapulateleti.Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya anticoagulant ya heparin sodium ikadali yogwirizana ndi sulphate yoyipa kwambiri mu molekyulu yake.Zinthu zamchere zokhala ndi zabwino monga protamine kapena toluidine buluu zimatha kuletsa kuwononga kwake, kotero zimatha kuletsa anticoagulation.zotsatira.Chifukwa heparin imatha kuyambitsa ndikutulutsa lipoprotein lipase mu vivo, hydrolyze triglyceride ndi low-density lipoprotein ya ma chylomicrons, kotero imakhalanso ndi hypolipidemic effect.Heparin sodium angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza pachimake thromboembolic matenda, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).M'zaka zaposachedwa, heparin yapezeka kuti ili ndi zotsatira zochotsa lipids zamagazi.Jakisoni wolowera m'mitsempha kapena jekeseni wakuya wa muscular (kapena jekeseni wa subcutaneous), mayunitsi 5,000 mpaka 10,000 nthawi iliyonse.Heparin sodium ndi wochepa poizoni ndipo mowiriza chizolowezi magazi ndiye wofunika kwambiri chiopsezo heparin overdose.Zosagwira ntchito pakamwa, ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi jakisoni.Jekeseni wa intramuscular kapena subcutaneous jekeseni amakwiyitsa kwambiri, nthawi zina ziwengo zimatha kuchitika, ndipo kumwa mopitirira muyeso kumatha kuyambitsa kumangidwa kwa mtima;nthawi zina tsitsi limatayika komanso kutsekula m'mimba.Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuyambitsa kusweka kwapawiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali nthawi zina kungayambitse thrombosis, zomwe zingakhale zotsatira za kuchepa kwa anticoagulase-III.Heparin sodium ndi contraindicated odwala ndi magazi chizolowezi, aakulu chiwindi ndi aimpso insufficiency, aakulu matenda oopsa, hemophilia, intracranial kukha mwazi, chironda chachikulu, amayi apakati ndi postpartum, zotupa visceral, zoopsa ndi opaleshoni.

Ntchito: Zachilengedwe kafukufuku, ntchito kuteteza kutembenuka kwa prothrombin mu thrombin, ndi antithrombotic kwenikweni.

Heparin sodium ndi mucopolysaccharide biochemical mankhwala yotengedwa nkhumba matumbo mucosa ndi amphamvu anticoagulant ntchito.Mclcan anapeza femoral mucopolysaccharide heparin m'chiwindi kuchokera kwa agalu pamene amaphunzira momwe magazi amagwirira ntchito.Brinkous et al.zatsimikizira kuti heparin ali ndi anticoagulant ntchito.Heparin itagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anticoagulant pazachipatala kwa nthawi yoyamba, idalandira chidwi kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi.Ngakhale kuti ili ndi mbiri ya zaka zoposa 60 mu ntchito yachipatala, palibe mankhwala omwe angalowe m'malo mwake mpaka pano, kotero akadali amodzi mwa mankhwala ofunika kwambiri a anticoagulant ndi antithrombotic biochemical.Ili ndi ntchito zambiri zamankhwala.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza pachimake myocardial infarction ndi pathogenic hepatitis.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ribonucleic acid kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya matenda a chiwindi a B. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala amphamvu kuti apewe thrombosis.Itha kuchepetsa lipids m'magazi ndikuwongolera chitetezo chamthupi chamunthu.ilinso ndi zotsatira zake.Low molecular weight heparin sodium imakhala ndi anticoagulant factor Xa ntchito.Kafukufuku wa Pharmacodynamic awonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa maselo olemera a heparin sodium kumalepheretsa mapangidwe a thrombus ndi arteriovenous thrombosis mu vivo ndi m'galasi, koma sikukhudza kwambiri coagulation ndi fibrinolysis system, zomwe zimapangitsa antithrombotic kwenikweni.kutuluka magazi kumakhala kochepa.Heparin wosagawanika ndi wosakaniza wa amino glucan glycosides osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kuchedwetsa kapena kulepheretsa magazi kutsika mu vitro ndi mu vivo.Kachitidwe kake ka anticoagulation ndizovuta, ndipo zimakhudza mbali zonse za coagulation.Kuphatikizira kuletsa kwa prothrombin mu thrombin;kuletsa ntchito ya thrombin;kulepheretsa kusintha kwa fibrinogen kukhala fibrin;kuletsa kuphatikizika kwa mapulateleti ndi kuwonongeka.Heparin amathabe kutsitsa lipids m'magazi, kutsitsa LDL ndi VLDL, kukulitsa HDL, kusintha kachulukidwe ka magazi, kuteteza ma cell endothelial cell, kupewa atherosulinosis, kulimbikitsa kutuluka kwa magazi, ndikuwongolera kufalikira kwa mitsempha.

Ntchito: Kafukufuku wam'chilengedwe, kuteteza kutembenuka kwa prothrombin kukhala thrombin.

Ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochedwetsa komanso kupewa kutsekeka kwa magazi