nkhani

Katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo zopangapanga Tom knight anati: “Zaka za m’ma 2100 zidzakhala zaka za sayansi ya sayansi ya zamoyo.”Iye ndi m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa biology yopanga komanso m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa Ginkgo Bioworks, kampani ya nyenyezi mu biology yopanga.Kampaniyo idalembedwa pa New York Stock Exchange pa Seputembara 18, ndipo kuwerengera kwake kudafikira US $ 15 biliyoni.
Zokonda pa kafukufuku wa Tom Knight zasintha kuchoka pa kompyuta kupita ku biology.Kuyambira ali kusekondale, adagwiritsa ntchito tchuthi chachilimwe kuphunzira makompyuta ndi mapulogalamu ku MIT, ndipo adagwiritsanso ntchito maphunziro ake apamwamba komanso omaliza maphunziro ake ku MIT.
Tom Knight Pozindikira kuti Chilamulo cha Moore chinaneneratu malire a mmene anthu angagwiritsire ntchito maatomu a silicon, anaika maganizo ake pa zamoyo.“Tikufuna njira ina yoyika maatomu pamalo oyenera… Kodi chemistry yovuta kwambiri ndi iti?Ndi biochemistry.Ndikuganiza kuti mungagwiritse ntchito ma biomolecules, monga mapuloteni, omwe amatha kudzisonkhanitsa okha ndikusonkhanitsa mkati mwazomwe mukufunikira.crystallization.”
Kugwiritsa ntchito kachulukidwe ka uinjiniya komanso kaganizidwe koyenera kupanga zoyambira zamoyo yakhala njira yatsopano yofufuzira.Synthetic biology ili ngati kudumpha kwa chidziwitso chaumunthu.Monga gawo la uinjiniya, sayansi yamakompyuta, biology, ndi zina zambiri, chaka choyambira cha biology yopanga chakhazikitsidwa ngati 2000.
Mu maphunziro awiri omwe adasindikizidwa chaka chino, lingaliro la mapangidwe ozungulira a akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo lakwanitsa kuwongolera mawu a jini.
Asayansi pa yunivesite ya Boston anamanga chosinthira cha Gene mu E. coli.Chitsanzochi chimagwiritsa ntchito ma jini awiri okha.Mwa kuwongolera zokopa zakunja, mawonekedwe a jini amatha kuyatsa kapena kuzimitsa.
M'chaka chomwecho, asayansi a ku yunivesite ya Princeton adagwiritsa ntchito ma modules atatu a jini kuti akwaniritse "oscillation" mode linanena bungwe mu siginecha dera pogwiritsa ntchito chopinga aliyense ndi kumasulidwa chopinga pakati pawo.

Gene toggle switch chojambula
Msonkhano wa Ma cell
Pamsonkhanowo ndinamva anthu akunena za “nyama yochita kupanga.”
Potsatira chitsanzo cha msonkhano wa pakompyuta, “msonkhano wodzipangira okha” woti anthu azilankhulana mwaulele, anthu ena amamwa moŵa ndikucheza: Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zopambana zimene zili mu “Synthetic Biology”?Wina adatchulapo za "nyama yopangira" pansi pa Impossible Food.
Impossible Food sichinadzitchulepo kuti ndi kampani ya "synthetic biology", koma malo ogulitsa omwe amasiyanitsa ndi nyama zina zopangira - hemoglobin yomwe imapangitsa kuti nyama yazamasamba fungo lapadera "nyama" imachokera ku kampaniyi pafupifupi zaka 20 zapitazo.Za maphunziro omwe akubwera.
Ukadaulo womwe ukukhudzidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kosavuta kwa majini kuti yisiti ipange "hemoglobin".Kuti tigwiritse ntchito mawu akuti biology yopangira zinthu, yisiti imakhala “fakitale ya ma cell” yomwe imapanga zinthu malinga ndi zofuna za anthu.
N'chiyani chimapangitsa nyama kukhala yofiira kwambiri komanso fungo lapadera likakoma?Zakudya Zosatheka zimatengedwa kukhala "hemoglobin" yolemera mu nyama.Hemoglobin imapezeka m'zakudya zosiyanasiyana, koma zomwe zili ndi minofu yambiri ya nyama.
Motero, hemoglobini inasankhidwa ndi woyambitsa kampaniyo ndiponso katswiri wa sayansi ya zinthu zamoyo Patrick O. Brown monga “chokometsera chachikulu” chofanizira nyama ya nyama.Pochotsa “zokometsera” zimenezi ku zomera, Brown anasankha nyemba za soya zokhala ndi himogulobini wochuluka kuchokera ku mizu yake.
Njira yachikhalidwe yopangira imafuna kuchotsa mwachindunji "hemoglobin" kuchokera kumizu ya soya.Kilogilamu imodzi ya “hemoglobini” imafuna maekala 6 a soya.Kuchotsa zomera kumawononga ndalama zambiri, ndipo Impossible Food yapanga njira yatsopano: kuika jini yomwe ingaphatikize hemoglobini kukhala yisiti, ndipo pamene yisiti ikukula ndi kubwerezabwereza, hemoglobin imakula.Kuti tigwiritse ntchito fanizo, izi zili ngati kulola tsekwe kuikira mazira pamlingo wa tizilombo.

Heme, yomwe imachokera ku zomera, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu "nyama yopangira" burgers
Tekinoloje zatsopano zimakulitsa luso la kupanga pomwe zimachepetsa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala.Popeza zida zazikulu zopangira ndi yisiti, shuga, ndi mchere, palibe zinyalala zambiri zama mankhwala.Poganizira izi, iyi ndi teknoloji yomwe "imapanga tsogolo labwino".
Anthu akamakamba za ukadaulo uwu, ndimaona kuti iyi ndiukadaulo wamba.M'maso mwawo, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingathe kupangidwa kuchokera kumtundu wa chibadwa motere.Mapulasitiki owonongeka, zonunkhiritsa, mankhwala atsopano ndi katemera, mankhwala a matenda enaake, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide kupanga wowuma… Ndinayamba kukhala ndi malingaliro amphamvu okhudzana ndi kuthekera komwe kumabwera ndi biotechnology.
Werengani, lembani, ndi kusintha majini
DNA imanyamula chidziŵitso chonse cha zamoyo kuchokera ku gwero, ndipo ndiyonso magwero a mikhalidwe masauzande ya moyo.
Masiku ano, anthu amatha kuwerenga mosavuta ma DNA ndikuphatikiza ma DNA motengera kapangidwe kake.Pamsonkhanowu, ndidamva anthu akulankhula zaukadaulo wa CRISPR womwe udapambana Mphotho ya Nobel mu Chemistry ya 2020 nthawi zambiri.Tekinoloje iyi, yotchedwa "Genetic Magic Scissor", imatha kupeza ndikudula DNA, potero kuzindikira kusintha kwa majini.
Kutengera ukadaulo wosintha ma gene uwu, makampani ambiri oyambira adatulukira.Ena amachigwiritsa ntchito kuti athetse chithandizo cha jini cha matenda ovuta monga khansa ndi matenda amtundu, ndipo ena amachigwiritsa ntchito kukulitsa ziwalo zopatsira anthu ndikuzindikira matenda.
Ukadaulo wosintha ma gene walowa m'mabizinesi mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti anthu amawona chiyembekezo chachikulu cha biotechnology.Kuchokera pamalingaliro a chitukuko cha biotechnology palokha, kuwerengera, kaphatikizidwe, ndi kusintha kwa ma genetic akakhwima, gawo lotsatira mwachilengedwe ndilopanga kupanga kuchokera mumlingo wa chibadwa kuti apange zida zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa zaumunthu.Ukadaulo wa Synthetic biology utha kumvekanso ngati gawo lotsatira pakukula kwaukadaulo wa majini.
Asayansi awiri Emmanuelle Charpentier ndi Jennifer A. Doudna ndipo adapambana Mphotho ya Nobel mu Chemistry ya 2020 yaukadaulo wa CRISPR
“Anthu ambiri akhala akutengeka kwambiri ndi tanthauzo la biology yopangidwa…Ndikuganiza kuti chilichonse chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha izi chayamba kutchedwa synthetic biology. ”Tom Knight anatero.
Kutalikitsa nthawi, kuyambira chiyambi cha ulimi, anthu akhala akuyang'ana ndi kusunga nyama ndi zomera zomwe akufuna kupyolera mu kuswana ndi kusankha.Synthetic biology imayamba mwachindunji kuchokera ku chibadwa kupanga mikhalidwe yomwe anthu amafuna.Pakali pano, asayansi agwiritsa ntchito luso la CRISPR kukulitsa mpunga mu labotale.
M'modzi mwa omwe adakonza msonkhanowu, woyambitsa Qiji, Lu Qi, adati mu kanema wotsegulira kuti sayansi ya sayansi ya zakuthambo ikhoza kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu padziko lapansi monga momwe zidakhalira kale pa intaneti.Izi zikuwoneka kuti zikutsimikizira kuti ma CEO a intaneti onse adawonetsa chidwi ndi sayansi ya moyo atasiya ntchito.
Akuluakulu a pa intaneti onse akutchera khutu.Kodi kachitidwe ka bizinesi ka sayansi ya moyo ikubwera?
Tom Knight (woyamba kuchokera kumanzere) ndi ena anayi oyambitsa Ginkgo Bioworks |Ginkgo Bioworks
Pachakudya chamasana, ndidamva nkhani: Unilever idati pa Seputembara 2 kuti idzayika ndalama zokwana 1 biliyoni kuti ichotse mafuta opangira zinthu zakale pofika 2030.
Pasanathe zaka 10, zotsukira zovala, ufa wochapira, ndi sopo zopangidwa ndi Procter & Gamble zitenga pang'onopang'ono zida zopangira mbewu kapena ukadaulo wojambula kaboni.Kampaniyo idapatulanso ndalama zina zokwana 1 biliyoni kuti ikhazikitse thumba la ndalama zothandizira kafukufuku wa sayansi ya zachilengedwe, mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi umisiri wina kuti achepetse kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon.
Anthu omwe adandiuza nkhaniyi, monga ine amene adamva nkhaniyi, adadabwa pang'ono ndi malire a zaka zosakwana 10: Kodi kafukufuku wamakono ndi chitukuko cha kupanga zinthu zambiri zidzakwaniritsidwa posachedwa?
Koma ndikuyembekeza kuti zidzakwaniritsidwa.